MCQs on SDLC models with answers and detailed explanations for UGC NET, ISRO, and Assistant Professor:
1. In the Spiral Model, the radial dimension represents:
a) Progress made in completing each cycle
b) Cost of the project
c) Level of risk involved
d) Number of iterations completed
Answer: a) Progress made in completing each cycle
Explanation: In the spiral model diagram, the radial dimension shows the cumulative cost and progress, while the angular dimension represents phases.
2. Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes the Spiral Model from other models?
a) Phased development
b) Heavy documentation
c) Risk assessment at each iteration
d) Parallel testing and coding
Answer: c) Risk assessment at each iteration
Explanation: Spiral is unique in systematically addressing risks at every stage.
3. In the Incremental Model, which of the following risks is reduced compared to the Waterfall model?
a) Risk of system failure
b) Risk of changing requirements
c) Risk of poor user interface design
d) Risk of cost overrun
Answer: b) Risk of changing requirements
Explanation: Incremental delivery allows incorporating changes between iterations, making it more adaptive.
4. The V-Model suffers from which major limitation in dynamic requirement environments?
a) Lack of modularity
b) Lack of design validation
c) Lack of flexibility for requirement changes
d) Lack of parallel development
Answer: c) Lack of flexibility for requirement changes
Explanation: V-Model is rigid and does not support requirement changes once development begins.
5. Which of the following models is best suited for complex projects with high risk and undefined requirements?
a) Agile Model
b) Spiral Model
c) V-Model
d) Waterfall Model
Answer: b) Spiral Model
Explanation: Spiral is ideal for projects requiring continuous risk assessment and iterative refinement.
6. Which SDLC model emphasizes early customer feedback but may produce throwaway code?
a) Agile
b) Prototype
c) Incremental
d) Spiral
Answer: b) Prototype
Explanation: The prototype is often not part of the final code; it is built for requirement clarification.
7. In Agile methodology, the term ‘velocity’ refers to:
a) The speed of team members typing code
b) The time taken to resolve a bug
c) The amount of work a team can do in a sprint
d) The response time of the server
Answer: c) The amount of work a team can do in a sprint
Explanation: Velocity is a key Agile metric that helps in sprint planning and estimation.
8. What is the primary drawback of RAD (Rapid Application Development) when applied to large-scale systems?
a) Lack of documentation
b) Inadequate tools
c) Poor scalability and integration issues
d) Excessive design effort
Answer: c) Poor scalability and integration issues
Explanation: RAD is best suited for smaller projects; large systems may face integration challenges due to modular development.
9. In the Agile model, which of the following is not a recommended practice?
a) Continuous integration
b) Daily stand-up meetings
c) Detailed upfront requirements gathering
d) Incremental delivery
Answer: c) Detailed upfront requirements gathering
Explanation: Agile discourages complete upfront planning; it prefers evolving requirements.
10. Which of the following statements best distinguishes the Spiral Model from the Incremental Model?
a) Incremental delivers functional components; Spiral does not
b) Spiral focuses more on risk management and prototyping
c) Spiral is used only for maintenance; Incremental is not
d) Spiral requires complete requirements at the start
Answer: b) Spiral focuses more on risk management and prototyping
Explanation: Spiral is a risk-driven model that uses iterative prototyping and detailed analysis.
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