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10 multiple-choice questions on the boot process in operating systems for ISRO, EMRS, GATE, KV, NET, and other exams. Question 1: Boot Process Definition Q1: The boot process is the sequence of events that occurs: A) When a user logs out B) When the system is powered on and the operating system is loaded C) When an application is opened D) When the system goes to sleep Answer: B) When the system is powered on and the operating system is loaded Explanation: The boot process refers to the series of steps that occur when a computer is turned on, including hardware initialization, loading the operating system, and preparing the system for use. Question 2: First Step in Boot Process Q2: The first step in the boot process is typically: A) Loading the operating system kernel B) Initializing system hardware C) Running the BIOS or UEFI firmware D) Loading device drivers Answer: C) Running the BIOS or UEFI firmware Explanation: When a computer starts, ...

10 multiple-choice numerical questions on paging in operating systems for UGC NET, SET, ISRO and Other exam. Question 1: Page Size Calculation Q1: If a system uses a 32-bit address space and a page size of 4 KB, how many pages are there in the address space? A) 1024 B) 4096 C) 1048576 D) 262144 Answer: C) 1048576 Explanation: The number of pages is calculated as: Total address space Page size = 2 32  bytes 2 12  bytes = 2 20 = 1048576  pages \frac{\text{Total address space}}{\text{Page size}} = \frac{2^{32} \text{ bytes}}{2^{12} \text{ bytes}} = 2^{20} = 1048576 \text{ pages} Question 2: Number of Frames Q2: If the physical memory is 1 GB and the page size is 4 KB, how many frames are available in the physical memory? A) 256 B) 1024 C) 256000 D) 262144 Answer: D) 262144 Explanation: The number of frames is given by: Physical memory Page size = 1  GB 4  KB = 2 30  bytes 2 12  b...

System calls are mechanism that allows a user-level program to request a service from the operating system's kernel. Users can access various services using system calls. These services can include operations like file management, process control, memory allocation, and hardware interaction, which are not directly accessible by user. Common system calls that are frequently asked in competitive exams like UGC NET , GATE , STATE SET , and others, categorized based on their functionality: 1. Process Control System Calls fork() - Creates a new process. exec() - Replaces the current process image with a new one. wait() - Waits for a child process to terminate. waitpid() - Waits for a specific child process. exit() - Terminates the process. getpid() - Gets the process ID. getppid() - Gets the parent process ID. nice() - Changes the priority of a process. kill() - Sends a signal to a process. setuid() - Sets the user ID of the process. getuid() - Gets the user ID....