SDLC models 10 Mcq Part 2

MCQs on SDLC models with answers and detailed explanations for UGC NET, ISRO, and Assistant Professor:

1. In the Spiral Model, the radial dimension represents:
a) Progress made in completing each cycle
b) Cost of the project
c) Level of risk involved
d) Number of iterations completed
Answer: a) Progress made in completing each cycle
Explanation: In the spiral model diagram, the radial dimension shows the cumulative cost and progress, while the angular dimension represents phases.

2. Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes the Spiral Model from other models?
a) Phased development
b) Heavy documentation
c) Risk assessment at each iteration
d) Parallel testing and coding
Answer: c) Risk assessment at each iteration
Explanation: Spiral is unique in systematically addressing risks at every stage.

3. In the Incremental Model, which of the following risks is reduced compared to the Waterfall model?
a) Risk of system failure
b) Risk of changing requirements
c) Risk of poor user interface design
d) Risk of cost overrun
Answer: b) Risk of changing requirements
Explanation: Incremental delivery allows incorporating changes between iterations, making it more adaptive.

4. The V-Model suffers from which major limitation in dynamic requirement environments?
a) Lack of modularity
b) Lack of design validation
c) Lack of flexibility for requirement changes
d) Lack of parallel development
Answer: c) Lack of flexibility for requirement changes
Explanation: V-Model is rigid and does not support requirement changes once development begins.

5. Which of the following models is best suited for complex projects with high risk and undefined requirements?
a) Agile Model
b) Spiral Model
c) V-Model
d) Waterfall Model
Answer: b) Spiral Model
Explanation: Spiral is ideal for projects requiring continuous risk assessment and iterative refinement.

6. Which SDLC model emphasizes early customer feedback but may produce throwaway code?
a) Agile
b) Prototype
c) Incremental
d) Spiral
Answer: b) Prototype
Explanation: The prototype is often not part of the final code; it is built for requirement clarification.

7. In Agile methodology, the term ‘velocity’ refers to:
a) The speed of team members typing code
b) The time taken to resolve a bug
c) The amount of work a team can do in a sprint
d) The response time of the server
Answer: c) The amount of work a team can do in a sprint
Explanation: Velocity is a key Agile metric that helps in sprint planning and estimation.

8. What is the primary drawback of RAD (Rapid Application Development) when applied to large-scale systems?
a) Lack of documentation
b) Inadequate tools
c) Poor scalability and integration issues
d) Excessive design effort
Answer: c) Poor scalability and integration issues
Explanation: RAD is best suited for smaller projects; large systems may face integration challenges due to modular development.

9. In the Agile model, which of the following is not a recommended practice?
a) Continuous integration
b) Daily stand-up meetings
c) Detailed upfront requirements gathering
d) Incremental delivery
Answer: c) Detailed upfront requirements gathering
Explanation: Agile discourages complete upfront planning; it prefers evolving requirements.

10. Which of the following statements best distinguishes the Spiral Model from the Incremental Model?
a) Incremental delivers functional components; Spiral does not
b) Spiral focuses more on risk management and prototyping
c) Spiral is used only for maintenance; Incremental is not
d) Spiral requires complete requirements at the start
Answer: b) Spiral focuses more on risk management and prototyping
Explanation: Spiral is a risk-driven model that uses iterative prototyping and detailed analysis.

SDLC - Types 10 MCQ

MCQs on different SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) models with answers and explanations, ideal for UGC NET, ISRO, and Assistant Professor exams:

1. The Waterfall model is best suited for projects where:
a) Requirements are evolving frequently
b) Prototyping is essential
c) Requirements are well understood and fixed
d) Risk analysis is the main concern
Answer: c) Requirements are well understood and fixed
Explanation: Waterfall is a linear model and works best when all requirements are clearly defined at the beginning.

2. Which SDLC model includes a risk analysis phase in every cycle?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Agile Model
c) Spiral Model
d) V-Model
Answer: c) Spiral Model
Explanation: The Spiral Model emphasizes risk analysis in each iteration of its cycle.

3. Which model is known as verification and validation model?
a) V-Model
b) Spiral Model
c) Prototype Model
d) RAD Model
Answer: a) V-Model
Explanation: V-Model emphasizes that each development phase is directly associated with a testing phase.

4. Which SDLC model is most suitable for developing small, quick-delivery applications?
a) Spiral Model
b) Agile Model
c) V-Model
d) RAD Model
Answer: d) RAD Model
Explanation: Rapid Application Development (RAD) focuses on quick development with user involvement.

5. The main drawback of the Waterfall model is:
a) It is difficult to manage
b) It does not allow feedback
c) No provision for risk handling
d) Poor documentation
Answer: c) No provision for risk handling
Explanation: Waterfall does not accommodate risk management or changing requirements easily.

6. In the Prototyping Model, the prototype is mainly used to:
a) Train users
b) Replace the final product
c) Understand and refine user requirements
d) Improve database performance
Answer: c) Understand and refine user requirements
Explanation: A prototype helps users visualize the system early and give feedback on requirements.

7. Which SDLC model is most suitable when requirements change frequently?
a) Waterfall
b) Spiral
c) Agile
d) V-Model
Answer: c) Agile
Explanation: Agile is iterative and adaptive, making it best for dynamic and evolving requirements.

8. In which SDLC model are the phases carried out sequentially without overlapping?
a) Spiral Model
b) Waterfall Model
c) Agile Model
d) Incremental Model
Answer: b) Waterfall Model
Explanation: The Waterfall model is a strictly linear sequential model.

9. Agile development focuses on:
a) Following a rigid process
b) Eliminating user involvement
c) Continuous delivery of working software
d) Heavy documentation
Answer: c) Continuous delivery of working software
Explanation: Agile emphasizes short iterations with frequent delivery and customer feedback.

10. Which SDLC model can be viewed as a series of mini-waterfalls?
a) V-Model
b) Incremental Model
c) Prototype Model
d) Spiral Model
Answer: b) Incremental Model
Explanation: The Incremental Model delivers functionality in small portions, similar to multiple mini-waterfalls.

Software Metrics 10 mcq

MCQs on Software Metrics along with answers and explanations, useful for UGC NET, ISRO, and Assistant Professor exams:

1. Software metrics are used to:
a) Design the software architecture
b) Estimate and improve software quality and productivity
c) Create test cases
d) Write documentation
Answer: b) Estimate and improve software quality and productivity
Explanation: Software metrics help measure aspects like complexity, size, and quality to manage software development effectively.

2. Which of the following is not a software metric?
a) Lines of Code (LOC)
b) Function Points (FP)
c) Cyclomatic Complexity
d) Flowchart
Answer: d) Flowchart
Explanation: A flowchart is a diagramming technique, not a metric.

3. Cyclomatic complexity is a metric used to measure:
a) Code size
b) Program readability
c) Number of test cases required
d) Memory usage
Answer: c) Number of test cases required
Explanation: Cyclomatic complexity represents the number of independent paths in code and helps in determining the number of test cases needed.

4. Function Point (FP) metric is based on:
a) Lines of code written
b) Number of functions in a module
c) External inputs, outputs, files, and user interactions
d) Programming language used
Answer: c) External inputs, outputs, files, and user interactions
Explanation: FP measures functionality from the user's point of view, independent of technology.

5. Which of the following is a dynamic metric?
a) Cyclomatic complexity
b) Function Point
c) Code coverage
d) LOC
Answer: c) Code coverage
Explanation: Code coverage is collected during runtime (i.e., execution), making it a dynamic metric.

6. Which metric can be used to estimate effort and time using historical data?
a) Function Point
b) Bug frequency
c) Gantt chart
d) Use case diagram
Answer: a) Function Point
Explanation: Function Points help estimate project size, which can be used for effort and time estimation.

7. Which metric is most useful to detect high complexity in control flow?
a) Halstead’s metric
b) LOC
c) Cyclomatic complexity
d) Data coupling
Answer: c) Cyclomatic complexity
Explanation: It measures the number of independent paths through a program's source code.

8. In Halstead's software science, which of the following is not a basic measure?
a) Number of operators
b) Number of operands
c) Number of lines
d) Number of unique operators
Answer: c) Number of lines
Explanation: Halstead’s metrics are based on operators and operands, not on lines of code.

9. A software metric should be:
a) Expensive to calculate
b) Subjective
c) Valid and reliable
d) Always static
Answer: c) Valid and reliable
Explanation: A good metric must measure what it claims (valid) and give consistent results (reliable).

10. Which metric is language-independent?
a) Lines of Code (LOC)
b) Function Point (FP)
c) Cyclomatic complexity
d) Halstead’s metric
Answer: b) Function Point (FP)
Explanation: Function Point analysis is based on system functionality, not the programming language.

Coupling and Cohesion 10 MCQ

MCQs on Coupling and Cohesion with answers and explanations, suitable for UGC NET, ISRO, and Assistant Professor exams:

1. Which of the following is the most desirable combination in modular programming?
a) High coupling, high cohesion
b) Low coupling, low cohesion
c) High cohesion, low coupling
d) Low cohesion, high coupling
Answer: c) High cohesion, low coupling
Explanation: This combination ensures modules are well-structured and independent, promoting maintainability and reusability.

2. If two modules share global data, what kind of coupling is it?
a) Content coupling
b) Control coupling
c) Common coupling
d) Data coupling
Answer: c) Common coupling
Explanation: Common coupling occurs when modules share global variables.

3. Which type of cohesion is considered the strongest or best?
a) Coincidental cohesion
b) Temporal cohesion
c) Functional cohesion
d) Logical cohesion
Answer: c) Functional cohesion
Explanation: Functional cohesion means all parts of a module work together to achieve a single function, which is ideal.

4. What kind of coupling exists when one module passes control information (like flags) to another?
a) Content coupling
b) Control coupling
c) Stamp coupling
d) Common coupling
Answer: b) Control coupling
Explanation: Control coupling occurs when one module controls the behavior of another by passing control information.

5. Which type of cohesion is the least desirable?
a) Functional cohesion
b) Sequential cohesion
c) Coincidental cohesion
d) Communicational cohesion
Answer: c) Coincidental cohesion
Explanation: Coincidental cohesion occurs when the elements of a module have no meaningful relationship, making it the worst form.

6. What is the main disadvantage of high coupling?
a) Code becomes more readable
b) Modules are independent
c) Changes in one module affect others
d) Reusability increases
Answer: c) Changes in one module affect others
Explanation: High coupling reduces modular independence, making maintenance and testing more difficult.

7. Stamp coupling refers to:
a) Two modules sharing global data
b) One module modifying the internal structure of another
c) Modules sharing only the necessary data structure
d) Modules sharing only control flags
Answer: c) Modules sharing only the necessary data structure
Explanation: In stamp coupling, modules share composite data structures, but not all the data is used.

8. A module that performs several unrelated actions has:
a) Coincidental cohesion
b) Functional cohesion
c) Logical cohesion
d) Sequential cohesion
Answer: a) Coincidental cohesion
Explanation: Coincidental cohesion means unrelated functions are grouped in a single module.

Software Engineering 10 MCQ

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) on Software Engineering based on previous years' UGC NET and ISRO Assistant Professor exams, along with their answers and explanations:

1. Which of the following software process models is also known as the classic life cycle model?
a) Waterfall Model
b) Spiral Model
c) Prototype Model
d) RAD Model
Answer: a) Waterfall Model
Explanation: The Waterfall Model is the earliest SDLC approach used for software development. It follows a linear sequential flow.

2. In the context of software engineering, 'coupling' refers to:
a) How classes are related to each other
b) Degree of interaction between modules
c) Depth of inheritance
d) The number of lines in a module
Answer: b) Degree of interaction between modules
Explanation: Lower coupling between modules is desired for better maintainability and modularity.

3. Function Point (FP) is used to measure:
a) Lines of Code
b) Programming efficiency
c) Size of the software
d) Execution time
Answer: c) Size of the software
Explanation: Function Points measure software size based on the functionality provided to the user.

4. Which one of the following is not a software metric?
a) Cyclomatic complexity
b) Lines of Code (LOC)
c) Gantt chart
d) Function Point
Answer: c) Gantt chart
Explanation: Gantt chart is a project scheduling tool, not a software metric.

5. In the Spiral Model, the major emphasis is on:
a) Risk analysis
b) Functional prototyping
c) Parallel development
d) Time boxing
Answer: a) Risk analysis
Explanation: Spiral Model focuses heavily on identifying and mitigating risks.

6. Which testing method uses the internal structure of the program?
a) Black-box testing
b) White-box testing
c) Alpha testing
d) Beta testing
Answer: b) White-box testing
Explanation: White-box testing is based on the internal logic and code structure of the software.

7. ISO 9126 standard is related to:
a) Software Testing
b) Software Quality
c) Software Maintenance
d) Software Design
Answer: b) Software Quality
Explanation: ISO 9126 defines software quality attributes like functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, maintainability, and portability.

8. What is the main goal of requirement analysis?
a) To estimate cost and time
b) To understand what the users need
c) To design the architecture
d) To write code
Answer: b) To understand what the users need
Explanation: Requirement analysis helps in understanding the exact needs and constraints of the users.

9. Which of the following is not a step in software project planning?
a) Effort estimation
b) Risk analysis
c) Coding
d) Resource allocation
Answer: c) Coding
Explanation: Coding is part of development, not project planning.

10. COCOMO model is used for:
a) Testing
b) Project scheduling
c) Cost estimation
d) Deployment
Answer: c) Cost estimation
Explanation: COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) helps estimate the cost, effort, and schedule of a software project.